Complementaridade da Inteligência Artificial ao trabalho humano e possíveis efeitos sobre crescimento econômico

This paper aims to examine the possible effects that the introduction of artificial intelligence algorithms into the labor market may have on the dynamics of economic growth, by acting as a production factor complementary to human labor and, possibly, as a catalyst for greater productive efficiency. As discussed by Acemoglu (2024) and Aghion et al (2017), systems such as GPTs and LLMs can operate both as substitutes for human labor in simpler tasks and as a complement to the functions of less-skilled workers, which could potentially reduce the difficulty of more complex tasks and allow for an increased scope of value generation in various sectors. In this sense, it is important to analyze the economic sustainability of the complementarity dynamic in the long run (mainly by comparing it to a scenario of human-by-machine substitution), in order to ascertain the willingness of different labor market contexts to sustain this dynamic, that is, to measure the benefit of artificial intelligence as an auxiliary factor to labor from the perspectives of efficiency and profit. As a way to infer the most likely impacts, an assessment of the social and professional profile of the most affected workers is carried out, using the Brazilian market as an example.